M'SILA Top 1 Tourist Place | M'Sila Tourism | ALGERIA
M'Sila (Thing to do - Place to Visit) - M'SILA Top Tourist Place
City in Algeria
M'Sila (also spelled Msila or MSila), is the capital of M'Sila Province, Algeria, and is co-extensive with M'Sila District. It has a population of over 100,000. M'Sila University is also located in this city.
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Tipasa Destination Spot
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Tipasa was a colonia in Roman province Mauretania Caesariensis, nowadays called Tipaza, and located in coastal central Algeria.
Since 2002, it has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. There was another city with the same name: Tipasa in Numidia.
Initially the city was a small ancient Punic trading-post conquered by Ancient Rome
and turned into a military colony by the emperor Claudius for the conquest of the kingdoms of Mauretania.
Afterwards it became a municipium called Colonia Aelia Augusta Tipasensium,
that reached the population of 20,000 inhabitants in the fourth century according to historian Gsell.
The Roman city was built on three small hills which overlooked the sea, nearly 20 km east from Caesarea (capital of Mauretania Caesariensis).
Of the houses, most of which stood on the central hill, no traces remain; but there are ruins of three churches —
the Great Basilica and the Basilica Alexander on the western hill, and the Basilica of St Salsa on the eastern hill, two cemeteries, the baths, theatre, amphitheatre and nymphaeum.
The line of the ramparts can be distinctly traced and at the foot of the eastern hill the remains of the ancient harbour.
The basilicas are surrounded by cemeteries, which are full of coffins, all of stone and covered with mosaics.
The basilica of St. Salsa, which has been excavated by Stéphane Gsell, consists of a nave and two aisles, and still contains a mosaic.
The Great Basilica served for centuries as a quarry, but it is still possible to make out the plan of the building, which was divided into seven aisles.
Under the foundations of the church are tombs hewn out of the solid rock. Of these one is circular, with a diameter of 18 m and space for 24 coffins.
Tipasa was partially destroyed by the Vandals in 430 AD, but was rebuilt by the Byzantines one century later.
At the end of the seventh century the city was destroyed by the Arabs and reduced to ruins.
In 1857 was settled again the area, with the creation of the city of Tipaza that now has nearly 30,000 inhabitants.
The town and its surroundings is home to the largest Berber-speaking group of western Algeria, the Chenoua people.
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | M'zab Destination Spot
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The M'zab is a natural region of the northern Sahara Desert in Ghardaïa Province, Algeria.
It is located 600 km south of Algiers and there are approximately 360,000 inhabitants.
The Mozabites (At Mzab) are a branch of a large Berber tribe, the Iznaten, which lived in large areas of middle southern Algeria.
Many Tifinagh letters and symbols are engraved around the Mzab Valley.
After the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the Mozabites became Muslims of the Mu'tazili school.
After the fall of the Rostemid state, the Rostemid royal family with some of their citizens chose the Mzab Valley as their refuge.
However, the Rostemids were Ibadi and sent a preacher who successfully converted the indigenous Mozabites.
France occupied Algeria in 1830 and removed it from Ottoman domination.
The M'zab was annexed to France only in 1882 and reverted to Algerian indigenous rule in summer 1962 upon its national independence.
Ghardaia is the main town and capital of the M'zab, while el-Ateuf is the oldest settlement in the region.
Beni Isguene is the most sacred Berber Islamic town.
It prohibits all non-M'zabites from various sections of this town and all foreigners from spending the night within its walls.
Melika is populated by a kabily town named Mlikch which is untell now located near Bouira city,
and it contains spacious cemeteries and a historical Mosque in the center of the K'sar, while Bounoura is a historical K'sar which contain Azwil palm grove, while El-Guerrara and Berriane have been part of the M'zab since the 17th century.
There are five qsur walled villages located on rocky outcrops along the Wəd Mzab collectively known as the Pentapolis.
They are Ghardaïa Tagherdayt, the principal settlement today; Beni Isguen At Isjen; Melika At Mlishet; Bounoura At Bunur; and El Atteuf Tajnint.
Adding the more recent settlements of Bérianne and El Guerrara, the Mzab Heptapolis is completed.
The combination of the functional purism of the Ibāḍī faith with the oasian way of life has led to a strict organization of land and space.
Each citadel has a fortress-like mosque, whose minaret served as a watchtower.
Houses of standard size and type were constructed in concentric circles around the mosque.
The architecture of the M'zab settlements was designed for egalitarian communal living, with respect for family privacy.
The Mzab building style is of Libyan-Phoenician type, more specifically of Berber style and has been replicated in other parts of the Sahara.
In the summer, the Mzabites migrated to 'summer citadels' centred on palm grove oases.
This is one of the major oasis groups of the Sahara Desert, and is bounded by arid country known as chebka, crossed by dry river beds.
The Mzab Valley was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, as an intact example of traditional human habitat perfectly adapted to the environment.
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BOU SAADA Top 2 Tourist Places | Bou Saâda Tourism | ALGERIA
Bou Saâda (Things to do - Places to Visit) - BOU SAADA Top Tourist Places
Town in Algeria
Bou Saada is a town and municipality in M'Sila Province, Algeria, situated 245 km south of Algiers.
As Arena, it was the site of a city and bishopric in Roman Africa, now a Catholic titular see. The municipal population was estimated at 134,000 in 2008.
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Timgad Destination Spot
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Timgad (called Thamugas or Thamugadi in old Berber) and also known as The Pompeii of North Africa, was a Roman-Berber town in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria.
It was founded by the Emperor Trajan around AD 100. The full name of the town was Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi.
Located in modern-day Algeria, about 35 km east of the town of Batna, the ruins are noteworthy for representing one of the best extant examples of the grid plan as used in Roman city planning.
Timgad was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982.
The city was founded ex nihilo as a military colony by the emperor Trajan around AD 100.
It was intended to serve primarily as a bastion against the Berbers in the nearby Aures Mountains.
It was originally populated largely by Roman veterans of the Parthian campaigns who were granted lands in return for years of service.
In the 5th century, the city was sacked by the Vandals before falling into decline.
In AD 535, the Byzantine general Solomon found the city empty when he came to occupy it.
In the following century, the city was briefly repopulated as a primarily Christian city before being sacked by Berbers in the 5th century.
The city saw a revival of activity after the Byzantine reconquest in the 6th century, but the Arab invasion brought about the destruction of Thamugadi, where occupation ceased definitively after the 8th century.
Located at the intersection of six roads, the city was walled but not fortified.
At the time of its founding, the area surrounding the city was a fertile agricultural area, about 1000 meters above sea level.
The original Roman grid plan is magnificently visible in the orthogonal design,
highlighted by the decumanus maximus and the cardo lined by a partially restored Corinthian colonnade.
At the west end of the decumanus rises a 12 m high triumphal arch, called the Arch of Trajan, which was partially restored in 1900.
The arch is principally of sandstone, and is of the Corinthian order with three arches, the central one being 11' wide. The arch is also known as the Timgad Arch.
A 3,500-seat theater is in good condition and is used for contemporary productions. The other key buildings include four thermae, a library, and a basilica.
The Capitoline Temple is dedicated to Jupiter and is of approximately the same dimensions as the Pantheon in Rome.
Nearby the capitol is a square church with a circular apse dating from the 7th century AD.
Southeast of the city is a large Byzantine citadel built in the later days of the city.
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Casbah of Algiers Destination Spot
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The Casbah is specifically the citadel of Algiers in Algeria and the traditional quarter clustered around it.
More generally, a kasbah is the walled citadel of many North African cities and towns.
The Casbah of Algiers is founded on the ruins of old Icosium.
It was a mid-sized city which, built on a hill, goes down towards the sea, divided in two: the High city and the Low city.
In 1839, the French governor moved into the palace. In 1860, Napoleon III and Eugénie de Montijo visited.
The Casbah played a central role during the Algerian struggle for independence (1954–1962).
The Casbah was the epicenter of the insurgency planning of the National Liberation Front and gave them a safe haven to plan and execute attacks against French citizens and law enforcement agents in Algeria at the time.
In order to counter their efforts, the French had to focus specifically on the Casbah.
As Reuters reported in August 2008, misgovernment and corruption since independence mean
the Casbah is in a state of neglect and certain areas are threatening collapse.
Algerian authorities list age, neglect and overpopulation as the principal contributors to the degeneration of this historic neighborhood.
Overpopulation makes the problem especially difficult to solve because of the effort it would take to relocate everyone living there.
Estimates range from 40,000–70,000 people, though it is difficult to track because of the number of squatters in vacant buildings.
One reason that the government wants to improve the condition of the Casbah is that it is a potential hideout for criminals and terrorists.
In the late 1950s and during the civil insurrection and struggle against French colonial rule it was the hideout for the National Liberation Army.
Preservationist Belkacem Babaci described the situation as difficult, but not insurmountable, saying:
“I still believe it’s possible to save it, but you need to empty it and you need to find qualified people who will respect the style, the materials. It’s a huge challenge.”
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SOUK AHRAS Top 3 Tourist Places | Souk Ahras Tourism | ALGERIA
Souk Ahras (Things to do - Places to Visit) - SOUK AHRAS Top Tourist Places
City in Algeria
Souk Ahras is a municipality in Algeria. It is the capital of Souk Ahras Province.
The Numidian city of Thagaste, on whose ruins Souk Ahras was built, was the birthplace of Augustine of Hippo and a center of Berber culture. It was a city of great culture, described as the very hub of civilization.
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BOUIRA Top 1 Tourist Place | Bouïra Tourism | ALGERIA
Bouïra (Thing to do - Place to Visit) - BOUIRA Top Tourist Place
City in Algeria
Bouïra is the capital of Bouïra Province, Algeria. It is located in the geographical heart of the province.
It borders the municipality of Ait Laziz in the north, Aïn Turk in the north-east (home to the largest aqueduct in Africa), Aïn El Hadjar in the east, El Hachimia in the south-east, Oued El Berdi in the south, El Asnam in the south-west, Haizer in the west, and Taghzourt in the north-west.
It has been the capital of the Bouïra District since 1957
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LOST in Algiers Casbah ???????? Shocking Day with Algerian Girl
ALGERIA. There is SO much to see in this country and we are only just scratching the surface! Starting with another day in Algiers exploring the Casbah with the lovely Rasha from Fancy Yellow Travel! We are literally going to be spending the next 13 days exploring the country with them, starting with some trips here in the capital!
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THIS VIDEO WAS FILMED in JUNE ????
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وسط مدينة المسيلة - الجزائر - Downtown M'sila - Algeria
وسط مدينة المسيلة - الجزائر - Downtown M'sila - Algeria
#المسيلة #الجزائر #Msila #algeria
المسيلة مدينة جزائرية تقع شرق البلاد، وهي عاصمة ولاية المسيلة. تأسست بلدية المسيلة المختلطة في 20 ماي 1868 حيث كان يترأسها متصرف إداري ونائبه وأعضاء اللجنة البلدية كوسيط بين الإدارة والأهالي تابعة لدائرة سطيف عمالة قسنطينة حيث احتلها الاحتلال الفرنسي انطلاقًا من حملة نيقري في 29 ماي 1840 ودخلها بالضبط في 11 جوان 1841 بقيادة الجنرال بيدو وقائد الفرقة العسكرية آنذاك ايرد حيث وجدوها تحت السلطة التركية بقيادة المقراني عبد الرحمن. في 01 نوفمبر 1974 ترقت إلى مصاف الولايات وأصبحت عاصمة لها بعد أن كانت تابعة لولاية سطيف.
تاريخ المدينة
تأسست مدينة المسيلة سنة 315هـ الموافق لسنة 917 م من طرف أبو القاسم محمد بن عبد الله أي في الحقبة الفاطمية وأطلق عليها اسم المحمدية ، كما عرفت باسم زابي وهناك من ربط تسمية المسيلة بقبيلة ماسيليا التي توسع نفوذها حتى شمل ما يعرف قديما بإقليم نوميديا وبزوال هذه القبيلة بقي اسم المدينة بالمسيلة ، كما تدعى بالحضنة وهناك من يرى أن أصل تسمية المسيلة سواء كانت أطلقت من طرف العرب أو البربر يعود إلى أن المدينة على شكل حوض منبسط ذو مجاري مائية ولا ننسى أن موقع المسيلة في حد ذاته يعرف بحوض الحضنة.
إن طبيعة التضاريس في منطقة المسيلة هي التي ساعدت على تمركز السكان و تعاقب الحضارات منذ الأزمنة الغابرة كما تثبته الأماكن الأثرية و أكبر دليل على ذلك تواجد عدة رسوم و نقوش صخرية رسمها الإنسان القديم عن الحيوانات التي كانت موجودة بالمنطقة ، عدة مناطق تشهد على مرور المحاربين و التجار الرومان و ما بقي خلفهم من أطلال و كتابات صخرية ، كما اختار الوندال منطقة طبنة (مقرة) و المسيلة كمقر لحكمهم خلال القرن الخامس.
إن تاريخ المنطقة تغير كليا عند مجيء العرب و المسلمين في القرن السابع و خلال القرن الأول للفتح الإسلامي حيث اعتنق السكان الدين الإسلامي و دافعوا عنه حتى الاستشهاد نظرا لسماحة الإسلام و عالميته تحت شعار الوحدانية و العدل ، بعد تواجد الخوارج بالمنطقة تلاها الحماديون بداية القرن الحادي عشر حيث حكمها حماد بن بلكين كما أسس في الشمال الشرقي للمسيلة سنة 1007 قلعته التي نالت شهرة واسعة و اتخذها أول عاصمة له وعرفت تطورا و ازدهارا هاما ، تلاها فترة وصول الهلاليون سنة 1052 م وعرفت المنطقة التواجد التركي كما يبينه تواجد الحي السكني للأتراك.
M'sila is an Algerian city located in the east of the country, and it is the capital of M'sila. The mixed municipality of M'sila was established on May 20, 1868, where it was headed by an administrator, his deputy, and members of the municipal committee as a mediator between the administration and the people. At that time, Ird, where they found it under the Turkish authority, led by Al-Muqrani Abd al-Rahman. On November 01, 1974, it was elevated to the ranks of the provinces and became its capital after it belonged to the province of Setif.
City history
The city of Al-Masila was established in the year 315 AH, corresponding to the year 917 AD, by Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad bin Abdullah, that is, in the Fatimid period, and it was called Al-Muhammadiyah, and it was also known as Zabi. The name of the city remained in Al-Masila, as it is called the Hodna, and there are those who believe that the origin of the name Al-Masila, whether it was launched by the Arabs or the Berbers, is due to the fact that the city is in the form of a flat basin with watercourses, and we do not forget that the site of Al-Masila in itself is known as the Hodna Basin.
The nature of the terrain in the M'sila region is what helped to centralize the population and the succession of civilizations since ancient times, as evidenced by archaeological sites, and the biggest evidence of this is the presence of several drawings and rock inscriptions drawn by ancient man about the animals that were present in the region, several areas testifying to the passage of warriors and Roman merchants and what remained behind them of ruins and rock writings, and the Vandals chose the region of Tabna (Maqra) and M'sila as the seat of their rule during the fifth century.
The history of the region changed completely when the Arabs and Muslims came in the seventh century and during the first century of the Islamic conquest, where the population embraced the Islamic religion and defended it until martyrdom due to the tolerance and universality of Islam under the slogan of monotheism and justice, after the presence of the Kharijites in the region followed by the Hammadids at the beginning of the eleventh century Where it was ruled by Hammad bin Belkin, and he founded in the north-east of Al-Masila in the year 1007 his castle, which gained wide fame and made it his first capital, and it knew an important development and prosperity, followed by the period of the arrival of the Hilalis in the year 1052 AD, and the region knew the Turkish presence, as evidenced by the presence of the residential neighborhood of the Turks.
M'sila MERVEILLEUX PAYSAGES ET HISTOIRES (مسيلة (الجزائر
voici une vidéo spéciale de Mon Voyage inoubliable a la ville Algerienne M'SILA (Algérie) (مسيلة (الجزائر .... Rejoignez Nous et découvrez les plus beaux endroits du maghreb arab
#kabtihkayti | Algerian Roadtrip 1/6 | Ch.1 M'sila - Kalâa des Béni Hammad - المسيلة - قلعة بني حماد
Premier chapitre d'un long roadtrip qui ouvre ses premières pages dans la région du Hodna, à M'Sila. Une aire géographique mais aussi socioculturelle et historique, stratégique dans la longue Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord.
A la croisée de plusieurs univers culturels et située sur la route du roadtrip, une halte à la Kalaa des Beni Hammad est idéale pour faire perdurer la mémoire d'un des évènements fondateurs du Maghreb.
***
First chapter of a long roadtrip which opens its first pages in the Hodna region, in M'Sila. A geographical but also socio-cultural and historical area , so strategic in the long history of North Africa.
At the crossroads of several cultural worlds and located on the roadtrip route, a stop at the Kalaa des Beni Hammad is ideal to perpetuate the memory of one of the founding events of the Maghreb.
***
Produced & Directed by Nassim Herkat
Music : Tyler Cunningham
***
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جولة بمدينة الهـــامل السياحية بولاية المسيلة | M'sila ???????? ????️
استمتعوا بأصوات الطبيعة ????️ في هاته الجولة الخفيفة في مدينة الهـــامل السياحية والرائعة بولاية #لمسيلة ????????????️
#algerie #travel #msila #مدينة_الهامل
#photography #film #viral #fypシ
Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Djémila Destination Spot
Top Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Djémila Destination Spot - Tourism in Algeria
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Djémila, formerly Cuicul, is a small mountain village in Algeria, near the northern coast east of Algiers.
It is situated in the region bordering the Constantinois and Petite Kabylie.
In 1982, Djémila became a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its unique adaptation of Roman architecture to a mountain environment.
Significant buildings in ancient Cuicul include a theatre, two fora, temples, basilicas, arches, streets, and houses.
The exceptionally well preserved ruins surround the forum of the Harsh, a large paved square with an entry marked by a majestic arch.
Under the name of Cuicul, the city was built at 900 meters of altitude during the 1st century AD as a Roman military garrison situated on a narrow triangular plateau in the province of Numidia.
The terrain is somewhat rugged, being located at the confluence of two rivers.
Cuicul's builders followed a standard plan with a forum at the center and two main streets, the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, composing the major axes.
The city was initially populated by a colony of Roman soldiers from Italy, and eventually grew to become a large trading market.
During the reign of Caracalla in the 3rd century, Cuicul's administrators took down some of the old ramparts and constructed a new forum.
They surrounded it with larger and more impressive edifices than those that bordered the old forum.
The terrain hindered building, so that they built the theatre outside the town walls, which was exceptional.
Christianity became very popular in the 4th century and brought the addition of a basilica and baptistry.
They are to the south of Cuicul in a quarter called Christian, and are popular attractions.
The city was slowly abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire around the 5th century and 6th century.
There was some improvements under emperor Justinianus I, with Wall reinforcements.
Muslims later dominated the region, but did not reoccupy the site of Cuicul, which they renamed Djémila (beautiful in Arabic).
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Tassili n'Ajjer Destination Spot
Top Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Tassili n'Ajjer Destination Spot - Tourism in Algeria
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Tassili n'Ajjer is a heavily eroded sandstone rock formation in the Sahara desert, located on a vast plateau that encompasses southeastern Algeria, western Libya and northern Niger.
It features over 300 rock arches, dense clusters of eroded sandstone rock pillars, and steep cliffs and gorges, where water pools permanently at the surface.
Tassili n'Ajjer covers an area of over 72,000 km2.
The rock formation is an archaeological site, noted for its numerous prehistoric parietal works of rock art, first reported in 1910, that date to the early Neolithic era at the end of the last glacial period during which the Sahara was an inhabitable savanna rather than the current desert.
Although sources vary considerably, the earliest pieces of art are assumed to be 12,000 years old.
The vast majority date to the 9th and 10th millennia BP or younger, according to OSL dating of associated sediments.
Among the 15,000 engravings so far identified depicted are large wild animals including antelopes and crocodiles, cattle herds and humans that engage in activities such as hunting and dancing.
According to UNESCO, The exceptional density of paintings and engravings...have made Tassili world famous.
The range is composed largely of sandstone.The sandstone is stained by a thin outer layer of deposited metallic oxides
which color the rock formations anywhere from near-black to dull red.
Erosion in the area has resulted in nearly 300 natural rock arches being formed, along with many other spectacular landforms.
Because of the altitude and the water-holding properties of the sandstone, the vegetation here is somewhat richer than in the surrounding desert; it includes a very scattered woodland of the endangered endemic species Saharan Cypress and Saharan Myrtle in the higher eastern half of the range.
The ecology of the Tassili n'Ajjer is more fully described in the article West Saharan montane xeric woodlands, the ecoregion to which this area belongs.
Relict populations of the West African crocodile persisted in the Tassili n'Ajjer until the 20th century.
Various other fauna still reside on the plateau, including mouflons, the only surviving type of the larger mammals depicted in the area's rock paintings.
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Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Notre-Dame d'Afrique Destination Spot
Top Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Notre-Dame d'Afrique Destination Spot - Tourism in Algeria
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Notre Dame d'Afrique is a Roman Catholic basilica in Algiers, Algeria.
It was Louis-Antoine-Augustin Pavy, who served as the Bishop of Algiers from 1846 to 1866, who paved the way for its construction.
The basilica was inaugurated in 1872, after fourteen years of construction. It was founded by Charles Lavigerie.
Its architect, Jean-Eugène Fromageau, who had been appointed the chief architect for ecclesiastical buildings in French Algeria in 1859, employed a Neo-Byzantine style.
Its floor plan is unusual as the choir is situated on the southeast instead of the usual east side of the building.
The basilica contains 46 stained glass windows installed in the 19th century.
They were blown out during a bombing of the area in April 1943 and have been restored twice since the end of World War II.
The basilica was damaged by the 2003 Boumerdès earthquake.
A reconstruction project was initiated by Archbishop Henri Teissier in 2003, but work on the project didn't start until the spring of 2007.
The total cost of restoration was 5.1 million euros. The project took three years to complete.
Notre Dame d'Afrique is on the north side of Algiers, on a 124 m cliff overlooking the Bay of Algiers.
It formerly could be reached from the city centre by a cable car.
It can be considered to be the counter-piece to the church of Notre-Dame de la Garde on the other side of the Mediterranean, in Marseille.
Its symbolic and religious importance can be summed up by the inscription on the apse: Our Lady of Africa, pray for us and for the Muslims.
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10 jours en Algérie en 2023, partie 2 - 10 days in Algeria in 2023, part 2
Voyage à Alger, M'sila et Bou saada (Algérie)
Travel in Algier, M'sila and Bou saada (Algeria)
M'SILA in 1959 ... مدينةالمسيلة سنة 1959
صورت هذه اللقطات لمدينة المسيلة إبان الحقبة الإستعمارية سنة 1959 .
Best Tourist Attractions Places To Travel In Algeria | Beni Hammad Fort Destination Spot
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Beni Hammad Fort, also called Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad is a fortified palatine city in Algeria. Now in ruins, in the 11th century, it served as the first capital of the Hammadid dynasty. It is in the Hodna Mountains northeast of M'Sila, at an elevation of 1,418 metres, and receives abundant water from the surrounding mountains.
Beni Hammad Fort is near the town of Maadid about 225 kilometres southeast of Algiers, in the Maghreb. In 1980, it was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, and described as an authentic picture of a fortified Muslim city.The town includes a 7-kilometre long line of walls. Inside the walls are four residential complexes, and the largest mosque built in Algeria after that of Mansurah. It is similar in design to the Grand Mosque of Kairouan,
with a tall minaret, 20 metres. Excavations have brought to light numerous terracotta, jewels, coins and ceramics testifying to the high level of civilization under the Hammadid dynasty.
Also among the artifacts discovered are several decorative fountains using the lion as a motif. The remains of the emir's palace, known as Dal al-Bahr, include three separate residences separated by gardens and pavilions.The fortress was built in 1007 by Hammad ibn Buluggin, the son of Buluggin ibn Ziri, the founder of Algiers. The city became the capital of the Hammadid Berbers,
and sustained a siege from the Zirid in 1017. In 1090 it was abandoned under the menace of the Banu Hilal, and was partly destroyed by the Almohads in 1152.
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